The date, August 14, 1947, reminds a significant event in history. After that, one of the most powerful nations in the world was created. The list of the early problems following independence is extensive and is not possible to cover in one piece. Many of the issues were deliberately created to undermine the newly-formed state. It wasn’t just partition that caused the issue, and establishing the new administration with several enemies was not easy. In the end, gaining independence and creating Pakistan was not an easy task and was achieved through the sacrifice of millions of citizens.

Biggest Problems of Pakistan after independece

Here is a brief overview of the Initial problems of Pakistan after independence following the partition.

1. Division of assets

The British government split assets into Pakistan in the form of India. As per this agreement, Pakistan received a portion of 75 crores. It was only 20 crores that were transferred to Pakistan in the beginning. Apart from that military equipment, the record was also expected to move to Pakistan. The Indian government’s hostile attitude to the transfer of assets divided caused many problems for Pakistan.

2. Water crisis

Pakistan was first faced with water after the dawn of April 1, 1948. India shut down its headworks for the rivers in Pakistan. This resulted in significant damage to the crops of Punjab. India began to demand money for the water Pakistan utilizes. To find a permanent solution to this issue, Pakistan took the help of the United Nations, and a treaty dubbed”Indus Waters Treaty “Indus Waters Agreement” came into force on September 19, 1959, in Karachi

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3. Selecting the capital city of the country

One of Pakistan’s top main issues after independence was that it didn’t have a large number of cities that were developed like India. Therefore, Pakistani leaders had only the option of a handful of cities for capital cities. Karachi was selected as the capital. Officials and officers traveled to Dehli in the direction of Karachi to establish the capital city of the government. There was a shortage of offices, records, furniture, and records. Certain government offices were set up inside military barracks throughout the difficult period. Following, after 20 years of division, in 1967, on August 14, Islamabad became the second capital of Pakistan under the administration of Ayub khan. 

4. Unfair boundary of Cyril Radcliffe

A commission was created to split some provinces into Pakistan and India. Since most British officers opposed the partition, they tried to destroy Pakistan in every way. Viceroy Mountbatten was also in favor of India.

As a result, Pakistan lost many Muslim Majority areas, such as Ferozpor, Gordaspor, parts of Kashmir, and Jalandhar.

5. Mass murder in the hundreds of thousands of Muslim refugees in India

After it was decided to divide Punjab was determined, Muslims living in the Indian portion of Punjab began the process of moving toward Pakistani Punjab. Hindus and Sikhs began to kill Muslims. Children and men were murdered. Women were raped. Numerous Muslim vehicles and Muslim trains traveling to Pakistan were destroyed completely. The result was over 5 lakh deaths in less than a month.

6. The problem of refugees

According to the sources, around 65 lac people moved to Pakistan. Of these, 52 lac people moved to Punjab. It was not an easy job for the government of Pakistan to make permanent arrangements for the relocation of this many people. With the limited resources available, Pakistan set up refugee camps for migrants and provided them with medical and food.

7. The forceful annexation of states with princely status by India

A state on the coast that is 300km from Karachi was able to decide to join Pakistan. However, India was not happy with the state’s decision and determinedly took over India. This action of India was totally against the notion that states can decide whether they wish to be a part of Pakistan and India.

This is similar to how India violated the principle of states ‘ annexation of Nizam of Hyderabad refused to be a part of Pakistan or India. India forcefully took over Hyderabad too.

8. Language Problem

When Pakistan gained independence, more than 70 languages could be spoken within Pakistan. However, in the constitution of 1956, only Urdu was granted the nation’s official language status. This caused a rift among Bengalis that resided within East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) that led to numerous incidents of riots and, finally, the establishment of Bangladesh. The leadership mishandled the entire situation, and the riots led to deaths.

9. The death of Quaid E Azam and Liaqat Ali Khan

Quaid-e-Azam passed away almost one year after declaring Pakistan’s independence, and Nawab Zada Liaqat Khan was also assassinated in Company Bagh Rawalpindi in 1951. He addressed a crowd of over 1 million people. 

Source: Parhlo